The Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) Laser
The first carbon dioxide laser was produced in 1964 and since its introduction it has had numerous uses in clinical dermatology. Its wavelength is in the far infrared electromagnetic spectrum (10,600 nanometers). It is almost totally absorbed by its main chromophore, water. It can be used in several different manners. Using a focused beam, it may be used as an alternative to traditional scalpel surgery. The laser helps to seal blood vessels and may decrease postoperative swelling. The carbon dioxide laser used in this way may remove skin cancers and treat a variety of different dermatologic growths and surgical incisions. If the CO₂ laser is defocused, one may remove or vaporize growths such as warts, shallow tumors, and certain pre-cancerous conditions. The latest addition to CO₂ laser treatment is the use of a rapid pulsing or scanning laser beam which allows the dermatologic surgeon to peel and resurface the facial skin for cosmetic improvement while minimizing damage to surrounding skin. This is sometimes referred to as laser resurfacing or laser abrasion and may help remove fine lines and facial wrinkles, lessen acne scars, and rejuvenate sun-damaged skin.